Zusammenfassung
Die enterale Ernährungstherapie ist klinisch langjährig
anerkannt. Im Verlauf der letzten zwanzig Jahre konnten sehr verschiedene
transkutane Systeme zur Applikation von Substraten etabliert werden. Das
bekannteste Verfahren ist die perkutane endoskopische Gastrostomie (PEG), die
in Deutschland meist mittels Durchzugstechnik angelegt wird. Bei einigen
Patienten kann diese Methode nicht angewendet werden, hier müssen
alternative Verfahren zum Einsatz kommen (z. B.
Direktpunktionsverfahren). Teilweise ist es auch notwendig, eine intestinale
Ernährung mittels nasaler und perkutaner Sonden zu gewährleisten.
Hierbei stehen unterschiedliche Systeme zur Verfügung, die klar indiziert
sein müssen.
Nach der Erstversorgung der Patienten mit einem perkutanen System
kann heutzutage durch Einsatz von Zweitsystemen die Lebensqualität der
Patienten verbessert werden (z. B. Buttonsysteme).
Für eine erfolgreiche Ernährungstherapie ist es neben der
standardisierten Anlagetechnik notwendig, auch die Nachsorge des Patienten
sicher zu stellen.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die verschiedenen Techniken zur enteralen
Ernährungstherapie mit Indikationen, Kontraindikationen und Nachsorge
darzustellen.
Summary
The concept of enteral nutrition is well established for a long
time. During the past twenty years different percutaneous tube feeding
techniques have been established. The most popular method is the percutaneous
endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) which is applied as a pull-through technique in
Germany. In some patients this approach is not successful and alternative
techniques must be used (e. g. introducer method). In some patients
nasal or percutaneous feeding tube have to be placed directly into the
intestine. There are different systems available for this approach which have
to be clearly indicated.
As a second step after initiation of enteral nutrition therapy
quality of life can be improved by implanting secondary systems (e. g.
button gastrostomy).
A standardized technique for inserting tubes is essential to have a
successful long-term outcome in enteral nutrition and care after has to be
integrated into the regimen.
The aim of this article is to demonstrate different enteral
nutrition tube techniques their indication, contraindication and long-term
follow-up.
Schlüsselwörter
Enterale
Ernährung - Gastrostomie - PEG - Button - JET-PEG - EPJ - Jejunalsonde - Direktpunktionstechnik
- Sondenernährung
Key words
Enteral
Nutrition - Gastrostomy - PEG - Button - JET-PEG - EPJ - jejunal
Tube - Introducer Method - Tube Feeding
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Dr. med. A. J. Dormann
Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Minden
Friedrichstraße 17
32427 Minden
Fax: 05 71-8 01 30 44
Email: a.dormann@t-online.de